Footnotes for NIB/PPPs
  1.   The Rise and Fall of American Growth: The U.S. Standard of Living since the Civil War, by Robert J. Gordon, Aug 29, 2017.
  2.   It’s Never Infrastructure Week – U.S. government investment spending is the lowest it’s been in 70 years. That’s probably too low. By Justin Fox, September 6, 2018.
  3.   It’s Time for States to Invest in Infrastructure, by Elizabeth McNichol, August 10, 2017.
  4.   Congress is supposed to decide how the U.S. spends money. Soon, it won’t be able to. By Eugene Steuerle, September 12, 2019. Chart indicates that the portion of Total Revenues available for discretionary spending fell from 65% in 1960, to 11% in 2019, and is expected to fall further to 8% in another 5 years.
  5.   Public-private partnership, From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 
  6.   Public-Private Projects Where the Public Pays and Pays, By Matthew Goldstein and Patricia Cohen, June 6, 2017.
  7.   More states privatizing their infrastructure. Are they making a mistake?, By Brad Plumer,April 1, 2012.
  8.   Lessons to be learned from bankruptcy filings in public-private partnership (PPP) projects in the United States, by Offei Adarkwa, Omar Smadi, and Ahmad Alhasan (Center for Transportation Research & Education (CTRE), Iowa State University), Volume 2 Issue 2 – 2017.
  9.   See various surveys of public officials by the State and Local Government Review, a quarterly, peer-reviewed, academic journal on public administration.
  10.   The Limits of Risk Transference Through Public-Private Partnerships, By Kevin DeGood, December 11, 2019. 
  11.   American Society of Civil Engineers’ 2017 Report Card for America’s Infrastructure.
  12.   Filling the infrastructure financing gap, By Otaviano Canuto, Executive Director World Bank, 12/04/2017.
  13.   Public-Private Partnerships: balancing the needs of the public and private sectors to finance the nation’s infrastructure, House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure, September, 2014.

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